Experts warn that prolonged periods in cold, dry environments may dry out the nose and throat, irritate the eyes, and trigger worsening symptoms for people with allergies or asthma.
As temperatures continue to rise across the UAE, air conditioning has become essential for residents seeking respite from the intense summer heat. From homes and workplaces to vehicles, shopping centres and restaurants, many people spend much of their day moving between heavily cooled indoor spaces and outdoor temperatures that can exceed 40°C.
However, doctors warn that frequent shifts between artificial cooling and extreme heat can place stress on the body. While air conditioning plays a vital role in reducing the risk of heat-related illnesses, prolonged exposure to cold, dry air, abrupt temperature changes and poorly maintained systems may contribute to various health issues, including dry eyes, airway irritation, headaches, allergies and fatigue.
For residents who rely on air conditioning for much of the day, including office employees, children and elderly family members, experts say the priority is not reducing AC use but adopting practices that make indoor cooling healthier.
Dr Muhammed Aslam, specialist pulmonologist at International Modern Hospital Dubai, said extended exposure to cold, dry air can affect the respiratory system, especially among people who are more vulnerable to breathing-related conditions.
“Spending prolonged periods in cold, dry environments can lead to dryness in the nose and throat, eye irritation, and may aggravate allergies or asthma in sensitive individuals. Poorly maintained air-conditioning systems can also circulate dust and mould, potentially triggering respiratory symptoms,” he said.
From thermal shock to brain fog
As residents move frequently between hot outdoor conditions and heavily air-conditioned indoor spaces, doctors say the body is repeatedly required to adapt to sudden changes in temperature.
Dr Mazza Salahaldin, specialist family medicine physician at NMC Specialty Hospital Al Ain, described the UAE summer experience as a constant transition between “chilled indoor spaces, cooled cars, and intense outdoor heat”.
She explained that prolonged exposure to cold environments may contribute to discomfort and tiredness. “Spending several hours in very cold rooms can cause blood vessels in the head and neck to constrict, often leading to tension headaches and a feeling of sluggishness or ‘brain fog’,” she said.
According to Dr Salahaldin, moving rapidly between extreme temperatures can place additional strain on the body’s natural temperature regulation mechanisms.
“The quick transition from outdoor temperatures above 40°C with high humidity to indoor environments around 20°C places immediate regulatory stress on the body. This is known as ‘thermal shock’,” she said.
She added that while thermal shock can affect anyone, certain groups may be more susceptible, including people with asthma or allergies, young children, older adults and individuals with cardiovascular conditions.
Simple steps for healthier AC use
Doctors emphasise that residents do not need to avoid air conditioning to stay healthy. Instead, small adjustments in daily habits can help create a more comfortable and healthier indoor environment.
Dr Eman Hassan, specialist internal medicine physician at Burjeel Medical Centre Al Marina, said residents can continue using air conditioning safely by adopting a few simple measures.
“Residents can remain comfortable while protecting their health by following practical steps. Indoor temperatures should be maintained at a comfortable level of around 23°C to 25°C rather than making spaces excessively cold,” she said.
She advised residents to maintain adequate hydration, avoid prolonged exposure to direct airflow from AC vents, and consider wearing a light sweater or shawl when spending extended periods in strongly cooled environments.
“Stay well hydrated, ensure air-conditioning filters are cleaned regularly, avoid direct cold airflow, and continue prescribed medications if you have asthma or allergies,” Hassan added.
Experts also stressed the importance of routine AC maintenance, noting that dust, mould and allergens trapped in filters can contribute to respiratory irritation.
They said the aim is not to reduce reliance on air conditioning, which remains essential during UAE summers, but to use it responsibly. Maintaining moderate indoor temperatures, ensuring good air quality and following healthy cooling practices can help residents stay comfortable while reducing potential health risks.
